© 2000 Todd Neller.  A.I.M.A. text figures © 1995 Prentice Hall.  Used by permission.
Why Representing Change in Time is Difficult
•situation calculus - situations, actions, result function
•frame problem - how to say when things don’t change (e.g. cartoon frames)
•qualification problem - how to define circumstances under which an action will work (e.g. banana in tailpipe)
•ramification problem - how to infer all of the implicit consequences of actions (e.g. moving luggage)